#681 Sapanta's Merry Cemetary, Maramures, Romania

In a small village in northern Romania, this church graveyard sees many more visitors than your ordinary graveyard. It is full of colorfully painted wooden crosses telling a story, a poem or other information about the deceased, along with a painting of either their last moment or their common habit in life. There are shepherds with their sheep, mothers cooking, barbers cutting hair, weavers weaving their looms, and others where you wished you understood Romanian so that you could find out the story! Others show how the person died, with road accidents having a frequent appearance, while others try and send a message to the reader (such as the one about a drunk gambler whose family fear that he will be judged harshly in heaven).

Art exhibitions across Europe have featured this work of village humor and warmth, and life in the village continues much as always, although with a few more tourist souvenir stalls. The simple wood sculptor Ioan Stan Patras began to carve the crosses in 1935 with each cross having a blue background (the traditional color of hope and freedom). He even carved his own cross before he died in 1977, and wrote in his epitaph about the 'cross' he had to bear, supporting his family from the age of 14. After he died, his apprentice Dumitru Pop continued with his work, and apparently makes around 101 crosses a year depending on the village mortality! The church (see photo at right) is decorated with traditional frescoes and dates from 1886.

Source: Lonely Planet Romania & Moldova, 3rd Edition, 2004
http://www.dangerous-business.com/2012/07/merry-cemetery-a-different-way-to-look-at-death/ Find some great stories about particular crosses here.

#706 Bucovina Painted Monasteries, Moldavia, Romania

Described by Lonely Planet at a 'bucolic paradise of remote villages' with 'rich folklore, natural beauty and turbulent history', Moldavia is famous worldwide for its medieval painted monasteries. 

Erected by Stefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great) and his son Petru Rares, the fortified monasteries were a haven for many prosecuted in Hungarian-ruled Transylvania, and have miraculously survived centuries of war, including the 1538 defeat by the Turks. Many an army would gather inside the monasteries' defensive walls, and in order to educate the illiterate who were unable to enter the churches, biblical stories were portrayed on the outer church walls in colorful cartoon-like frescoes.

The greens of Sucevita, the blues of Voronet and the reds of Humor all used natural dyes such as sulfur for yellow, madder for red, and cobalt or lapis for blue.

Every monastery faces east so that the light of God shines into the church with the rising sun, and was composed of three parts -- the first room (called the pronaos), the tomb room, and the altar room (called naos, where women were forbidden to enter). Each monastery was dedicated to a saint, whose patron day formed an important festival. Within the monasteries were nuns and monks who trained novices serving 3-7 years before being ordained. The Hapsburgs closed the monasteries after occupation in 1785 and forced the inhabitants to become civilians, and similar persecution occurred under communism.

Voronet Monastery is famous for its Last Judgement fresco, taking up an entire wall with angels rolling up the zodiac to indicate the end of time. The Resurrection and Genesis are also displayed on a different wall.

Humor Monastery is famous for its internal frescoes, it wooden ramparts and because it has no tower. It also has a Last Judgement painting and a picture representation of the first part of the Orthodox Calendar as well as various scenes of martyrs.

Moldovita Monastery has the typical large fortified enclosure with towers and gates, and is famous for the yellow of its frescoes. The grounds are particularly lovely and its walls depict the defense of Constantinople in 626, as well as the Last Judgement (again).

Sucevita Monastery is one of the more isolated churches, but because it is in such a spectacular location, its 1100m alpine location, and being one of the largest and finest monasteries it does receive many visitors. The western wall is bare of any frescoes supposedly because the artist fell of the scaffolding while attempting to paint it and scaring any successors to continue. The red and green are strong here and the first fresco you are likely to see is the Virtuous Ladder with the 30 steps from Hell to Paradise. This church also has pictures of the Jesse Tree.

Other monasteries include the Solca Monastery, Arbore Monastery, the Putna Monastery, the Dragomirna Monastery as well as others further south nearer to Targu Neamt.

Sucevita Monastery/Castle

Source: Lonely Planet Romania and Moldova 3rd Edition 2004

#749 Seville Cathedral, Spain

The first time I went to Seville, it was a quick weekend trip from Morocco over Easter with several exchange friends from Al Akhawayn University. I don't think we slept for three days, doing the 8 hour drive to the coast in a shared taxi to catch the last ferry on Friday night. We cramped into a tiny hotel in Algeciras, while others roamed the streets all night. We took the first bus to Seville which was probably at least 5 hours, and arrived in the middle of the parades -- I was astounded to see that the Klu Klux Klan hoods had their origins in Catholic ritual and couldn't stop looking at the many white masks. I was entranced with my first experiences of tapas, sangria, all-night salsa bars, and the magic of Spain. I watched the sunrise after one particular night-spot, then began the long journey back in order to make it just in time for class on Monday morning! That time I was only in Seville very briefly, but I was destined to return for a work conference many years later. I only visited the cathedral very briefly on my first visit, following one parade float in and out the massive doors.

The most memorable symbol of the cathedral, the tower called Giralda was actually built during Moorish Spain as the minaret of the Almohad Mosque (begun in 1184). Similar to the Mezquita (#946) in Cordoba, the mosque was converted into a church (and the Giralda a bell tower) after the Reconquista (1248). The Giralda was designed by the same architect (Jabir) as the Koutoubia mosque in Marrakech (#988) and the Hassan Mosque in Rabat (#864), although the top part of La Giralda dates from the Renaissance. I found it most impressive because it has no stairs to ascend to the top, only a ramp, and this ramp is high and wide and flat enough that a horse can be ridden all the way up!

Officially called the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the See, it is the largest gothic church and the third largest church in the world. It surpassed the biggest at the time (the Hagia Sophia) when it was completed in the 16th century, having taken over a 100 years to build (1402-1506). It was damaged and/or destroyed by several earthquakes such as in 1356, 1376, 1511, and 1888. 

The nave is the longest in Spain and rises to a height of 42m. It has 80 chapels inside and 15 doors on its four sides: aside from the Main Door (the Door of Assumption), there are the Door of the Baptism, the Door of the Nativity (or Saint Michael), the Door de la Longa (or Saint Christopher), Door of the Conception, Door of the Lizard (a stuffed crocodile hangs from the ceiling!), Door of the Sanctuary, Door of Forgiveness, Door of the Sticks (or Adoration of the Magi), and the Door of the Bells. 

The burial place of Chistopher Columbus is just one symbol of its connection to the new world exploration: it was the trade wealth from the Americas that allowed such a large monstrosity to be built, and the gold that gilds its interior came from the new world. Along with the Alcazar and the General Archive of the Indies, it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.

Interesting Anecdote: In 1874, artist Bartolome Esteban Murillo's painting of Saint Anthony was stolen, only to be sold to the New York City Art Gallery by an immigrant, who purchased it for $250 and sent it back to Spain.

 

 

 Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville_Cathedral